Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV)

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Key Points

Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV) is a lifelong viral infection of cats that causes progressive immunosuppression, predisposing cats to infections, chronic inflammatory conditions and certain neoplasms
Transmission is primarily via bite wounds, so adult male cats with outdoor access are at highest risk of infection
Many infected cats can remain clinically normal for years
- If clinical disease does develop, signs usually reflect secondary conditions rather than direct viral impacts
Diagnosis is based on ELISA antibody tests followed by confirmatory tests if needed
There is no cure so treatment focuses on good management and reducing the cat’s exposure to pathogens
With appropriate care, many FIV-positive cats can live healthy, normal-length lives
- The disease should NOT be considered a death sentence

Differential Diagnoses

Educational content only. This factsheet is for general veterinary education and is not a substitute for professional veterinary advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Not for use in an emergency — contact a veterinarian or emergency service. Full disclaimer →