Distributive Shock

Emergency and Critical CareAll SpeciesNew

Key Points

Distributive shock is a life-threatening form of circulatory shock caused by pathological systemic vasodilation and maldistribution of blood flow, leading to inadequate tissue perfusion
While the total blood volume may remain normal, the effective circulating volume is reduced resulting in a relative hypovolaemia
The most common causes are sepsis, anaphylaxis, neurogenic shock and severe systemic inflammation
Early stage, hyperdynamic shock is typically seen as hyperaemic mucous membranes, bounding pulses and normotension
Late stage, hypodynamic shock typically causes marked hypotension and progressive tissue hypoxia, eventually leading to MODS & death
Diagnosis is based on clinical assessment of perfusion parameters and cardiovascular status
Treatment requires stabilisation, fluid therapy and vasopressors to counteract vasodilation

Differential Diagnoses

Educational content only. This factsheet is for general veterinary education and is not a substitute for professional veterinary advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Not for use in an emergency — contact a veterinarian or emergency service. Full disclaimer →