Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)

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Key Points

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a non-cancerous, hormone-driven enlargement of the prostate
Very common in older intact male dogs
Key clinical signs include sanguineous preputial discharge and tenesmus in an otherwise bright, healthy dog
Diagnosis is typically based on clinical suspicion from signalment and rectal exam, but can be supported with imaging and cytology
Castration is usually curative and the treatment of choice in most cases
- Medical management (e.g. finasteride) can be used if castration is not pursued
Prevention relies on neutering to remove the main source of testosterone

Differential Diagnoses

Prostatic adenocarcinoma
Bacterial prostatitis
Prostatic abscessation

Educational content only. This factsheet is for general veterinary education and is not a substitute for professional veterinary advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Not for use in an emergency — contact a veterinarian or emergency service. Full disclaimer →