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Fog Fever (Acute Bovine Pulmonary Emphysema & Oedema)
RespiratoryToxicologyBovineNew
Key Points
  • Acute bovine pulmonary emphysema and oedema (ABPEE), also known as ‘fog fever’, is a non-infectious respiratory condition caused by the pneumotoxin 3-methylindole (3-MI)
  • Most commonly seen in cows
  • 3-MI is produced when rumen microbes metabolise L-tryptophan from lush, rapidly-growing pastures
    • Associated with moving cattle from dry to lush pastures
  • Clinical signs typically develop 3-10 days after the start of grazing, usually dyspnoea, tachypnoea and cyanosis
  • Diagnosis is usually presumptive based on the clinical presentation
  • Removing the animals from the pasture and minimising stress are key for treatment
  • Gradually introducing animals to new pasture or supplementing with high-fibre feeds are the most effective prevention strategies
Differential Diagnoses
  1. Perilla mint toxicosis
  2. 4-ipomeanol toxicosis
  3. Bovine lungworm (D. viviparus)
  4. Bacterial pneumonia
Overview
Aetiology
Clinical Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention
Resources
Overview

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Aetiology

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Clinical Signs

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Diagnosis

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Treatment

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Prevention

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Resources

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Educational content only. This factsheet is for general veterinary education and is not a substitute for professional veterinary advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Not for use in an emergency — contact a veterinarian or emergency service. Full disclaimer →