Equine Motor Neurone Disease (EMND)

NeurologyEquineNew

Key Points

Equine motor neuron disease (EMND) is a progressive lower motor neuron neurodegenerative condition that causes neurogenic muscle atrophy and weakness
Strongly associated with chronic inadequate vitamin E intake
- Horses with little or no access to fresh pasture are especially at risk of deficiency
Affected horses show progressive weakness, weight loss, muscle wasting and muscle tremors
Diagnosis is typically based on the clinical presentation but neuromuscular biopsies and vitamin E levels can also be assessed
The mainstay of treatment is supportive care alongside vitamin E supplementation
Ridden or forced exercise should be avoided in these animals as, although horses may stabilise with treatment, they are unlikely to ever return to full strength

Differential Diagnoses

Botulism
Laminitis
Chronic GI disease or malabsorption

Educational content only. This factsheet is for general veterinary education and is not a substitute for professional veterinary advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Not for use in an emergency — contact a veterinarian or emergency service. Full disclaimer →