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Bluetongue (BTV)
Infectious DiseaseVirusBovineOvineNew
Key Points
  • Bluetongue (BTV) is a non-contagious viral infection of ruminants that’s transmitted by biting midges
  • Sheep are most severely affected but other ruminants (cattle, deer, goats, camelids) can also be infected
  • The virus causes vascular injury, leading to mucosal hyperaemia and ulcers, peripheral oedema, haemorrhage and thrombosis
  • Diagnosis is mainly presumptive but lab tests can be used to confirm the disease
  • There is no specific antiviral available so supportive care is the mainstay of treatment
  • Vaccination, movement control and reducing midge exposure are essential for prevention
Differential Diagnoses
  1. Foot and mouth disease (FMD)
  2. Malignant catarrhal fever
  3. Contagious ecthyma (orf)
Overview
Aetiology
Clinical Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention
Resources
Overview

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Aetiology

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Clinical Signs

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Diagnosis

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Treatment

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Prevention

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Resources

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Educational content only. This factsheet is for general veterinary education and is not a substitute for professional veterinary advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Not for use in an emergency — contact a veterinarian or emergency service. Full disclaimer →