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Chewing Disease (Nigropallidal Encephalomalacia)
ToxicologyEquineNew
Key Points
  • Nigropallidal encephalomalacia (NPE) is a toxic neurological condition in horses, associated with prolonged ingestion of yellow star thistle or Russian knapweed
  • While the exact toxic compound is not certain, repin is strongly suspected to be the cause of neuronal degeneration through oxidative stress
    • Degeneration is primarily in the substantia nigra and globus pallidus
  • Typical signs include difficulty prehending and chewing feed, dysphagia, abnormal facial muscle tone and tongue movements
  • Diagnosis is primarily based on the clinical presentation and a compatible history
  • There is no specific antidote or cure for the condition
  • Prevention relies on pasture / forage inspection and effective weed control strategies
Differential Diagnoses
  1. Botulism (C. botulinum)
  2. Equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM)
  3. Equine leukoencephalomalacia (ELEM)
Overview
Aetiology
Clinical Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention
Resources
Overview

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Aetiology

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Clinical Signs

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Diagnosis

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Treatment

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Prevention

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Resources

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Educational content only. This factsheet is for general veterinary education and is not a substitute for professional veterinary advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Not for use in an emergency — contact a veterinarian or emergency service. Full disclaimer →