Cryptorchidism

ReproductionAll SpeciesNew

Key Points

Cryptorchidism is failure of one or both of the testes to descend into the scrotum during normal development
- Retained testes may be located in the abdomen or inguinal canal
Most commonly seen in dogs and horses
The higher abdominal temperature impaired spermatogenesis, causing reduced fertility or infertility, as well as an increased risk of neoplastic transformation
- Leydig cells remain functional so normal male behaviours persist despite infertility
Retained testicles also have a higher risk of torsion which can cause acute abdominal pain, vomiting and shock
- This is a surgical emergency
Functional testicular tissue can be identified through hormone tests, but definitive diagnosis requires identification of the abnormally-located testes with imaging (or surgery)
Bilateral orchiectomy is the treatment of choice to eliminate the risk of complications and prevent breeding so heritable defects can’t be passed to offspring

Differential Diagnoses

Incomplete / undocumented castration
Monorchidism
Anorchia

Educational content only. This factsheet is for general veterinary education and is not a substitute for professional veterinary advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Not for use in an emergency — contact a veterinarian or emergency service. Full disclaimer →