Dermatophytosis (Ringworm) in Large Animals

DermatologyBovineCaprineEquineOvineNew

Key Points

Dermatophytosis (ringworm) is a contagious zoonotic fungal infection of keratinised tissues (skin, hair)
Caused by various dermatophyte fungal species depending on the host animal infected
The classic lesion is a circular area of alopecia and raised, grey-white crust, usually around the eyes, muzzle and face
- Horses are often affected around the saddle area and withers as infection is spread via saddles and rugs
Diagnosis is often based on clinical presentation but fungal culture or PCR can be used for confirmation
Topical antifungals are the mainstay of treatment, alongside environmental management to reduce fungal spread
Prevention relies on isolation of affected animals, disinfection, avoiding sharing equipment between animals and maintaining good ventilation in housing
PPE and good hand hygiene are essential for minimising the risk of spread to humans

Differential Diagnoses

Lice infestation
Mange mites
Dermatophilosis (rain scald)
Photosensitisation

Educational content only. This factsheet is for general veterinary education and is not a substitute for professional veterinary advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Not for use in an emergency — contact a veterinarian or emergency service. Full disclaimer →