Idiopathic Epilepsy in Small Animals

NeurologyCanineFelineNew

Key Points

Idiopathic epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder that causes recurrent, unprovoked seizures with no apparent underlying cause
Most commonly seen in dogs between 6 months and 6 years old
- There is thought to be an underlying genetic predisposition in some breeds
Seizures can be focal or generalised, and true seizures have different phases: prodromal, ictal, post-ictal, interictal
It is a diagnosis of exclusion, so differentials must be ruled out before the condition can be diagnosed
- Requires various lab tests, CSF analysis and advanced imaging
There is no cure, but lifelong treatment with antiepileptic drugs is used to reduce seizure frequency and severity
- Emergency treatment with anticonvulsants may be required in patients with active seizures
Many patients require combination therapy to control seizures as monotherapies can be insufficient
Regular monitoring of therapeutic drug levels, seizure activity and adverse effects is essential to ensure treatments remain effective and an adequate quality of life is achieved

Differential Diagnoses

Structural epilepsy
Reactive seizures
Xylitol toxicosis
Syncope

Educational content only. This factsheet is for general veterinary education and is not a substitute for professional veterinary advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Not for use in an emergency — contact a veterinarian or emergency service. Full disclaimer →