Osteochondrosis Dissecans (OCD)

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Key Points

Osteochondrosis dissecans (OCD) is an orthopaedic condition caused by a failure of normal endochondral ossification, resulting in an abnormally thickened and weak articular cartilage layer than can crack and fragment
Most commonly affects young, large / giant breed dogs or young performance horses
Clinical signs include lameness, joint swelling / effusion, pain on palpation / manipulation and poor performance
Imaging is key for diagnosis as it allows direct visualisation of the cartilage defects
Arthroscopic removal of cartilage flaps is the preferred treatment, alongside weight and exercise management
- Even with treatment, osteoarthritis often develops due to the cartilage damage
Prevention focuses on controlled growth and weight gain; appropriate and balanced nutrition; and avoiding breeding affected animals

Differential Diagnoses

Hypertrophic osteodystrophy
Elbow dysplasia
Panosteitis
Immune-mediated polyarthritis
Subchondral bone cysts

Educational content only. This factsheet is for general veterinary education and is not a substitute for professional veterinary advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Not for use in an emergency — contact a veterinarian or emergency service. Full disclaimer →